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Original research (Published On: 16-Apr-2025 )
In-situ transesterification of sunflower seed oil to biodiesel using calcium oxide as a sustainable heterogeneous catalyst
Yelwa JM
J. Chem. Res. Adv., 06 (01):01-04
Yelwa JM : National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Article History: Received on: 03-Jan-25, Accepted on: 07-Apr-25, Published on: 16-Apr-25
Corresponding Author: Yelwa JM
Email: mjyelwa@gmail.com
Citation: Yelwa JM, Tirwun WL, Jocthan MG, Tukki OH, Jamilu BU, Omaye AR, Samuel FA and Samuel N (2025). In-situ transesterification of sunflower seed oil to biodiesel using calcium oxide as a sustainable heterogeneous catalyst. J. Chem. Res. Adv., 06 (01 ):01-04
Abstract
Aim: This study was aimed to enhance biodiesel yield while minimizing process
complexity and costs, leveraging calcium oxide's catalytic properties.
Method and Materials: The catalyst was calcined at 600°C for 4 hours, and
transesterification was optimized at a methanol-to-oil ratio of 1:6, catalyst
concentration of 2.0 wt%, and reaction temperature of 65°C over 3 hours.
Results: FTIR analysis confirmed biodiesel formation through characteristic ester
peaks at 1747.53 cm⁻¹ (C=O) and 1162.06
cm⁻¹ (C–O). Physicochemical properties of the
biodiesel—viscosity (5.09 mm²/s), flash point (155.1°C), density (890 kg/m³),
pour point (7.8°C), and cloud point (11.8°C)—met ASTM D6751 standards. The
maximum biodiesel yield of 77.8% was achieved at optimal conditions, indicating
the efficiency of calcium oxide as a cost-effective catalyst.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the biodiesel meets ASTM standards for viscosity,
flash point, and density, achieving an optimal yield of 71.6%. Sunflower oil
biodiesel offers a sustainable, cost-effective alternative fuel with potential
for broader applications.
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